Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Approach to Addressing Global Health and Food Security Challenges

Mahendra Pal and Tesfaye Rebuma

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat that jeopardizes both human and animal health, with significant economic implications. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine, agriculture, and veterinary practices have driven the development of resistance, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread. In particular, the use of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture has accelerated the emergence of resistant pathogens that can transfer to humans via the food chain. AMR is linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, extended hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. Projections suggest that AMR could lead to up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050, with devastating impacts on global economies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Addressing AMR requires a multi-faceted approach, including stricter antibiotic regulations, improved management practices in agriculture, and enhanced surveillance systems. This article reviews the mechanisms of AMR, its global and regional implications, and the strategies needed to mitigate its impact on public health and food security.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Antibiotics, Economic impact; Food security; Global health; Public health.