Journal of Biology and Medicine: Open Access

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Cryptococcosis and One Health Perspective

Mahendra Pal

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Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening systemic fungal disease caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Both species of Cryptococcus occur in the environment as saprobes. The infection is observed in humans and in many animal species and carries high morbidity and mortality. Cryptococcal meningitis is currently responsible for approximately 180,000 deaths every year. The source of infection is exogenous, and the respiratory tract is recognized as the principal portal of entry for the pathogen. Humans and animals may acquire the infection from saprobic reservoirs in which the fungus grows. The clinical spectrum of the disease includes cutaneous, pulmonary, and meningeal forms. Laboratory testing is required to establish an unequivocal diagnosis. The pathogen can be readily isolated from clinical and environmental sources on Pal's sunflower seed medium. Several antifungal drugs, including amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole, are used for treatment. Cryptococcosis represents a major public health challenge, particularly among immunocompromised populations, including individuals with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. From a One Health perspective, cryptococcosis exemplifies the complex interconnection between environmental sources, animal health, and human disease.

Keywords: Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Cryptococcus gattii; Fungal zoonosis; Immunocompromised patient, One Health; Pal's sunflower seed medium.

Journal Information
  • Journal Name: Journal of Biology and Medicine: Open Access
  • Journal Abbreviation: J Bio Med Open Access
  • Journal Code: JBMOA
  • Format of Publication: Online
  • Frequency of Publication: Two Issue a Year
  • Language: English
  • Starting Year: 2020
  • Subject: Biology, Medicine, Medical Sciences
  • Review Process: Single-Blind Peer-Review by Referees
  • Time to 1st Decision: 1 to 4 weeks from date of submission
  • Time to Acceptance: 3 to 6 weeks, depending upon the required revision cycles
  • Time to Publication: 1 to 2 weeks from date of final submission
  • Editor-in-Chief: CHEE KONG YAP
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