Case Reports and Reviews: Open Access

Abstract 

Background and Purpose: The National Institutes of Health has recognized the importance of identifying non-pharmacological interventions to promote cognitive and functional health in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD). FTD, which is the second most common form of dementia in individuals under the age of 65, leads to deficits in behavior, executive function, language, and motor function. The purpose of this case report is to examine a progressive strengthening and balance exercise program to improve function in an individual with FTD. Case Description: The patient was a 47- year-old male with FTD, presenting with decreased balance and generalized weakness. His history included multiple falls and frequent hospital admissions due to physical/cognitive declines. Intervention: A biweekly, 12-week plan of care was developed to address weakness and balance impairments using moderate-intensity exercises based on an efficacious intervention for individuals with dementia. Outcomes: At discharge, the following improvements were noted: 30-Second Chair Stand Test = 12 repetitions to 29 repetitions (MDC=2 repetitions). Four Square Step Test = 9.33 seconds to 5.86 seconds (indicating a non-fall risk). Dual Task Interference = dual-task cost from 50.10% to 38.49%. Agility T-Test: 19.90 seconds to 15.01 seconds (MDC=1.10 second). Discussion: Improvements in strength and balance were seen in as little as 7-14 visits. Advances were also made in agility and dual-task cost, allowing the patient to wean from daily use of his cane. Therefore, moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to improve physical function in individuals diagnosed with FTD. 

Keywords: Frontotemporal dementia; Physical therapy; Strength training; Balance training; Non-pharmacological.