Case Reports and Reviews: Open Access

Aim: The aim of the present research was to investigate the association between Periodontal Disease (PD) indices and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) risk in Greek adults. Methods: A sample of 392 individuals who suffered from COPD and 1,803 healthy individuals were participated in the study. COPD diagnosis was based on the Forced Expiratory Volume/1sec (FEV1)/ Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) ratio. The associations between Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) as PD indices and risk for the development of COPD was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis models. Results: According to multivariate analysis lower socio-economic status (p= 0.000,OR =5.13, 95% CI= 2.53-8.39), smoking (p=0.000, OR= 15,78 95% CI=8,78- 21,6), moderate / severe CAL (p=0.008, OR= 5.03, 95% CI=3.30-7.65), and the presence of BOP (p=0.012,OR= 4,33, 95% CI= 2,88-6,99) were statistically significantly associated with the risk for COPD. CAL and BOP remained to be significantly associated with the risk for COPD after adjusting for socio-economic status and smoking. Conclusion: CAL and BOP as PD indices were statistically significantly associated with the risk of developing COPD.

Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is reported to be the most common sex chromosome disorder in the males. It has an incidence of 150/100,000 males. The basic pathology is the presence of an extra X-chromosome in a male. The supernumerary Xchromosome could be from either the father or mother of the male patient. The genetic material in the supernumerary chromosome often is inactivated and no phenotypic changes are seen in the male. In some patients, failure of inactivation of the genes in the extra X-chromosome results in development of Klinefelter Syndrome. The phenotypic hallmark of KS is the presence in a male of a female body habitus, gynaecomastia, tall stature, small and hypoplastic testes, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and cognitive impairment. Most cases go unnoticed till the patient present with primary infertility. Prenatal diagnosis is possible or even a Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) of embryos obtained from invitro-fertilisation. KS is associated with high morbidity related to hypogonadism. These include Metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, infertility and associated psychiatric disorders. Cognitive impairment is mainly a speech difficulty that may require speech therapy. Medical treatment in form of hormone replacement therapy(testosterone), assisted reproductive therapy and management of associated morbidities are the mainstay of treatment. The increased morbidity associated with KS is said to reduce life span by 2-years in affected patients, the risk may be higher in African countries with delayed diagnosis and poorly equipped health care system. Literature review did not yield a report of KS in one of identical twins with a phenotypically and genetically normal sibling. We report our experience of managing one.

Introduction: The nasolabial cyst is a rare soft tissue lesion, located close to the alar cartilage of the nose. Most are unilateral, prevailing in the female sex, blacks, in the fourth and fifth decades of life. The most common sign is increased area and facial asymmetry. Objective: Report the clinical picture, the findings in imaging exams, diagnosis and surgical treatment of a female patient with nasolabial cyst. Case report: A 35-year-old female patient complained of chronic nasal obstruction on the right. Examination of anterior rhinoscopy and video flexible nasofibroscopy showed bulging of the nasal floor on the right. Computed tomography evidenced the presence of a lesion measuring 1.7 x 1.0 x 1.6 cm, with attenuation of soft parts, with regular contours and defined limits, with slight enhancement to the intravenous contrast medium, located in the right nasolabial recess, associated with discrete bone erosion extending to the corresponding nasal cavity. Surgical excision was performed and the anatomopathological result corresponded to the nasolabial cyst. Final comments: Although it is a rare condition, in cases of unilateral increase in the nasolabial region, with chronic nasal obstruction and facial asymmetry, attention should be paid to the possibility of nasolabial cysts. If the hypothesis is hinted at, imaging tests become essential to establish a diagnosis and subsequently perform surgical treatment.

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a serious pathology; it is a joint disease requiring bone reconstructive treatment. The etiology of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint includes a trauma, a previous operation of this area, arthritis and a previous infection. It can be congenital, and in some cases idiopathic. In ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, a child may experience the following problems: impaired airway maintenance, difficulty in feeding, impaired speech development. We present a case of a 6-year-old child with ankylosis of the left temporomandibular joint found in infancy. A 6-year-old male child weighing 16 kg, with a diagnosis of left-sided ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, was placed in the maxillofacial department at the surgical clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University to relieve ankylosis. Surgery of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint belongs to the category of difficult intubation, since direct visualization of the vocal cords is difficult due to the inability to open the mouth. In ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, blind nasal intubation is usually recommended. But, this technique can fail, and repeated attempts at intubation can damage the corresponding structures, which will lead to complications such as bleeding, edema, laryngospasm, aspiration. And ultimately, any compromise in the airways will be detrimental to the pediatric population. Currently, the use of a fibrooptic laryngoscope can be the treatment of choice for difficult airways. But in some clinics this may not be available. Therefore, in such situations, it is necessary to consider alternative options, one of which is retrograde intubation.

I am pleased to welcome readers to the issues of Case Reports and Reviews: Open Access and Gnoscience, as I start my year as the Editor-in-Chief of the Case Reports and Reviews: Open Access. My goal as an editor is to make sure that you, the readers, can be assured that the time you spend with Case Reports and Reviews will be filled with the most important, creative, scholarly, and meaningful articles, studies, and essays produced by members of our community.

Coronaviruses typically affect the respiratory tracts mammals including birds, as well as humans. Doctors associate them with the pneumonia, bronchitis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. They can also affect the gut. These viruses typically cause common colds more than any of the other serious diseases. Though, coronaviruses now have been behind some more severe outbreaks. During the last 70 years, scientists have found that these viruses can infect cats, mice, rats, dogs, cattle and horses. So, these animals have the capacity to transmit coronaviruses to humans. Most recently, this has been found a new coronavirus outbreak in China that has reached and is now progressing to other countries. It is worldwide known with the name coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19 by WHO (previously known as “2019 novel coronavirus”). In this article, diverse types of human coronaviruses, its symptoms, and how it gets transmitted to other people with different modalities which are being used for treatment has been explained.

Hello, my name is Dr. Mohammed Hojouj. I am an Oncological doctor who studied and teaches here in Dnipro, Ukraine (State Establishment Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine, Department of Oncology and Radiology). I, like the team of my colleagues, teach 4th, 5th, and 6th year medical students. Today, I want to talk about the Coronavirus and how it’s affecting our country and students

Cold agglutinins disease (CAD) is a rare type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease eventually caused or reactivated by a viral infection which can lead to the production of cold agglutinins. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by a lack of a brain chemical called hypocretin (orexin) secondary to immune attack related to Human Leukocyte Antigen DQB1 (HLA-DQB1). Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disorder that can be hard to diagnose and usually occurs with another serious condition called giant cell arteritis. We report a case of a 78-years-old male patient with an atypical presentation of possible associated to past Epstein Bar Virus (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and/or HLA. The purpose of this case is defining the first association within all four conditions as well as its biological and clinical manifestations plus the management with glutathione (GSH) as part of integrative therapeutically approach.

There have been several types of dietary approaches, such as low-fat diet (calorie restriction, CR), Mediterranean diet, and low carbohydrate diet (LCD). LCD was started by Atkins and Bernstein, and LCD in Japan was initiated by authors and collaborators. We proposed petite-LCD, standard-LCD and super-LCD for practical use through the activity of Japan LCD promotion association (JLCDPA). Furthermore, seven golden rules for LCD and food pyramid for LCD were presented, which were also beneficial for patients and usual people for providing educational information. Our experience would be hopefully to become some reference for future practice.