Case Reports and Reviews: Open Access

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease whose hyperglycemia is linked to a reduction in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, combined with lipid metabolism disorders. Management of the disease requires not only exploration of carbohydrate metabolism, but also measurement of certain lipid parameters. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes. In these patients, venous blood samples were taken after a minimum 12 hours fast. Parameters such as insulin, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were measured using the ARCHITECT plus Ci4100 automated system. Results: The mean age of patients was 55.1 ± 12.1 years; 43 patients were aged under 55 and 57 patients were aged 55 or over, respectively 43.% and 57%. We noted 61 women and 39 men, or 61% and 39% respectively, with a sex ratio 0.63. The results also showed that 75% of patients had an insulin level ˂ 11mUI/l and 25% a level ≥ 11 mUI/l. Some of the patients had total hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia, hypoHDLaemia, hypertriglyceridemia with percentages of 90, 67, 95 and 22 respectively. A statistically significant negative correlation between insulin and blood glucose was found (p-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the correlation between insulin and lipid parameters was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study shows that insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes.

In this research discovery we reference abstract key points and manuscript on Neurobiology, Psychiatry, and Trauma Medicine. We apply a scientific research method to a Trauma Case were a patient recovered 65 percent of cognitive functions, and Central Nervous system with mobility, and cognitive development. The patient presented with dysexecutive disorder with injury to frontol lobe manifestations psychological issues, and Trauma Center research center scored the case as Level V, Trauma/or Urgent Care for Neurological Disorder and/or Psychological Disorder.

In this case report the case of Carola is presented. She has been diagnosed with brain cancer after a malignant tumor was detected in brain scans. Carola has opted out of any form of treatment for the cancer and has entered palliative care. Ambivalence toward death with an apparent lack of insight in the context of untreated brain cancer might be indicative of an altered sense of self correlating to brain alterations. Research and theorizing on how best to define “sense of self” in the context of neuroscience has led to the construct of the embodied sense of self.

Significant advancements in understanding the need of glycemic control in physically active individuals with diabetes contributed to the development of exercise-specific nutritional and life-style recommendations ensuring the optimal performance and recovery. The main aim of this article is to review and present the update guidance for endurance athletes with certain metabolic disturbance, particularly diabetes type 1. post-exercise recovery in athletes with diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, who are often left to develop their own strategies or rely on guidelines designed for individuals without diabetes. Evidence to date indicated that employing nutritional strategies along the life-style habits can enhance sport performance in individuals with diabetes, while facilitating post-exercise recovery and glycemic management. Consequently, optimizing exercise protocols is essential for efficient recovery and appropriate training adaptations. The post-exercise period is particularly critical, as it presents challenges due to altered insulin sensitivity, post-exercise hyperglycemia, and other metabolic disturbances observed. Therefore, the key nutritional considerations include carbohydrate intake to replenish glycogen stores, fluid management to maintain hydration and thermoregulation, protein intake to promote muscle repair and glycogen synthesis, and caffeine intake to potentially mitigate exercise-associated hypoglycemia. Furthermore, it is emphasized that specific recommendations for carbohydrate intake, including timing, quantity, and quality, as well as exercise duration and intensity, are crucial for managing glycemic responses. The inclusion of fiber is also recommended. Additionally, fluid management, protein intake, and caffeine consumption play significant roles in optimizing post-exercise recovery for athletes with diabetes. Future research should aim to define optimal nutritional interventions tailored to the unique needs of this population, taking into account individual variations in glycemic responses and metabolic profiles. Future research should focus on defining optimal nutritional interventions tailored to this population's unique needs, considering individual variations in glycemic responses and metabolic profiles.